EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN ALAMI DAUN ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI ETANOL PADA PEWARNAAN GRAM

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Andong red-leaf plant extract as a substitute for ethanol in the Gram staining process. Method: The research employed an experimental laboratory method. Results: Microscopic observations revealed that the 3% and 5% concentrations effectively removed the primary stain (crystal violet), allowing the secondary stain
(safranin) to clearly color Gram-negative bacteria red. In contrast, the 1% concentration produced suboptimal results, as residual primary stain was still visible.